Selenium

Selenium#

#

Initialize Browser Drivers#

Browser

Syntax

Chrome

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

Edge

WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();

Firefox

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

Safari

WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();

Selenium Locators#

Locator

Syntax

className

driver.findElement(By.className (“key”))

cssSelector

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(key”))

id

driver.findElement(By.id(key”))

linkText

driver.findElement(By.linkText(key”))

name

driver.findElement(By.name(“key”))

partialLinkText

driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(“key”))

tagName

driver.findElement(By.tagName (“key”))

xpath

driver.findElement(By.xpath(“key”))

Close all browser windows#

driver.quit();

Close the current browser window#

driver.close();

Frame Handling#

Description

Syntax

Switch to a frame

driver.switchTo().frame(“frameId”);

Switch back to the main content

driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

Alerts/Pop-Ups#

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

// Used to click on the ‘OK’ button of the alert.
alert.accept();

// Used when the ‘Cancel’ button is clicked in the alert box.
alert.dismiss();

// Used to send text to an alert
alert.sendKeys("text");

// Used to capture the alert message.
alert().getText();

Mouse and Keyboard Actions#

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

// Shifts the mouse pointer to the center of the element and click on it
actions.moveToElement(element).click().build().perform();

// Performs double click on the element
actions.doubleClick(element).perform();

// Drags the element from one point and drops to another
actions.dragAndDrop(source, target).perform();

// Sends a series of keys to the element
actions.sendKeys(element, "text").perform();

Page Information#

// Get the page title
driver.getTitle();

// Get the current page URL
driver.getCurrentUrl();

// Get the entire page source code
driver.getPageSource();

Waits#

// Explicit Wait :- These are conditional waits can be applied to satisfy a particular condition
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(element));

// Implicit Wait :- Once the command is run, Implicit Wait remains for the entire duration for which the browser is open.
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

// Fluent Wait :- Fluent Wait in Selenium marks the maximum amount of time for Selenium WebDriver to wait for a certain condition (web element) becomes visible. It also defines how frequently WebDriver will check if the condition appears before throwing the “ElementNotVisibleException”.
FluentWait wait = new FluentWait(driver);
//Specify the timeout of the wait
wait.withTimeout(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
//Specify polling time
wait.pollingEvery(250, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
//Specify what exceptions to ignore
wait.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class)
//This is how we specify the condition to wait on.
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());
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